One sign that the “labor problem” was an important national dilemma deserving serious attention from policymakers was the Federal Government’s growing interest in workers. In 1913, Congress passed legislation creating a cabinet-level Department of Labor. The new department included a Conciliation Service for mediating labor disputes; Bureaus of Labor Statistics, Immigration, and Naturalization; and a Children’s Bureau. The U.S. Employment Service was added soon after the Department began functioning. The nation’s first Secretary of Labor was William B. Wilson, a Scottish immigrant who was a Congressman from Pennsylvania and a former United Mine Workers official.