In 1933, in the depths of the Great Depression, 13 million Americans were jobless. Many cities had large shanty towns that housed the homeless, and public and private relief agencies were overwhelmed with requests for help. The New Deal not only greatly expanded the money spent on relief, but put the Federal Government in the front lines of providing it. Several emergency Federal agencies gave money to the destitute. Other Government agencies, notably the Works Progress Administration, the Civilian Conservation Corps, and the Public Works Administration, oversaw large and small public improvements that provided work and training to the unemployed.