Police Chief Crowley’s Petition, 1890

Their general habits, manners and customs are different from, and repugnant to those of the white and all other races, and as a race the Chinese assimilate with no other.
The Chinese as a race, and the community of Chinese in this city as a rule are vicious and immoral – and their criminal habits are injurious and dangerous to all young persons of other races of both sexes who come in contact with them.

Police Chief Crowley’s Petition 1890

In Police Chief Crowley’s petition, he said, “the Chinese have no respect for our laws.” In fact, many Chinese respected and knew the laws well enough to use them to combat discrimination.

National Archives, Records of District Courts of the United States