...THE parties being desirous of establishing permanent peace and friendship...and to remove the causes of war by ascertaining their limits, and making other necessary, just and friendly arrangements...

...do acknowledge themselves...to be under the protection of the United States of America, and of no other sovereign whosoever...

The United States offered incentives, such as duty-free trade to gain control over Creek commerce. The Creek benefitted from the arrangement, but at the expense of maintaining total sovereignty as a nation.

That the Creek nation may be led to a greater degree of civilization, and to become herdsmen and cultivators, instead of remaining in a state of hunters...

Failing to acknowledge that the Creek had a long history of farming, the United States encouraged tribes to abandon hunting and adopt “civilized” European agricultural practices in the hope that tribal hunting lands would be freed up for non-Indian settlement.